LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS

The main use of any language on earth is communication. That is the main function of the languages of world nations. The most popular expressions used to convey our senses, feelings and attitudes are listed below with examples to make the meaning clearer

- Advice  I advise you to ...... If I were you, I’d ………… [ I'd= I would] If I were in your shoes, I’d ………. [ I'd= I would] The best thing for you to do is … I think you should ………………… I think you’d  better …………… [ you'd = you had] It is advisable to to I think you must ............ You'd  better ................ Your best bet is to .................. If I were in your place, I'd . If I were in your position, I'd ....	- Apology I am really sorry. I am terribly sorry.  I can't tell you how sorry I am.  Forgive me.  I don't know what to say.  I'd like to apologize.   I do apologize.
- Agreement I agree.  I accept that ................... I agree with you that …………... That is true. Of course, yes. I couldn't agree more. You are absolutely right. That is a good point. So we're agreed on that. You've got a point. (That is) True. I'll go along with that. Agreed.	- Disagreement I disagree. I can't accept that. You can't be serious. Of course not. Impossible. Nonsense, Rubbish. You can't mean it.  I can’t agree …………………. I don’t agree. I think you are mistaken. I won’t accept that.
- Partial Agreement Setimes we only partly agree with what somebody says. This may be because we are not sure that they are right, although they seem to be. Or it may be that there is another point of view that may be equally valid. In these cases we can say.. That may be so, but ... Yes, but ... I accept that, but ... Aren’t you forgetting that ... Yes, but ... On the whole, yes. I take your point, but... I'm not sure about that. Haven't you forgotten something?	- Obligation You should obey the traffic rules. -------------- is obligatory. -------------- is compulsory. You have to... You must.... You are obliged to... You are to... It is compulsory to... You have  got to... It is obligatory to...
[Duty] You had better….. It’s your duty to… I’ve got an obligation to…. I can’t get out  of it. I have got to…. I feel obliged to… You have a duty to….	[RESPONSIBILITY] I’m responsible. You will be liable for… You have to answer for it. [PROHIBITION] It’s forbidden. It’s prohibited. It’s not allowed. / You can’t do that.
- Intention I am planning to... I have decided to... I intend to... I have made up my mind to... I am determined... I propose to... I mean to... I plan to...	[PROMISE] You undertook to…. You promised to…. You agreed to… A promise is a promise! - Want I'd rather spend the weekend in London. I would like to... I am quite anxious to +(inf.)... I feel like (---ing) ... I prefer (---ing) ... I fancy (---ing)... I wouldn't mind (---ing)... I am quite anxious for (noun/---ing)
- Blame You are to blame. You must take the blame. you are responsible for that. (Just) Look at what you have done. You have only got yourself to blame. It is your fault. You shouldn't have done that. You are to blame.	- Release from blame Never mind. Forget it. It doesn't matter. You are not to blame. Don't worry. It is your fault. You are not responsible for that. It is not the end of the world.
- Opinion Asking for opinion What do you think of...? What's your opinion of/about...? Giving opinion In my opinion... I think (that)... I believe that... As I see, ... My point is... My view is...	- Request Will / Would you help me, please? Could you help me, please? Can you help me, please? Would you .....? Would/ do you mind helping me? May I have this, please? I'd be grateful/thankful if you could help me. I wonder if you could...
- Anxiety I'm very worried. I'm very concerned. You'll be careful, won't you. I hope nothing goes wrong. I am very anxious about that. I feel very anxious... Anything could have happened. - Pleasure I feel great. How marvelous! I'm really pleased. I am really delighted. I cannot tell you how happy I am. It gives me great pleasure to ...	- Displeasure I think it is terrible/awful/horrible! I am disgusted. It's disgusting. I can't stand it. I can't tell you how horrible it is. I can’t tell you how angry I’m / I was. That’s boring. - Congratulation I congratulate you on your success. Congratulations. Many happy returns. Fantastic. Well done
- Preference I like apples more than bananas. I prefer apples to bananas. I'd rather have a cup of coffee. [ I'd= I would] - Approval Well done. I enjoyed it. I have never seen/ heard/ tasted anything like this before. Fantastic / wonderful / Splendid / great / Tasty. I approve of ... I think it's ( lovely, marvelous, great...).	- Disapproval How bad! I disapprove of... Disapproved. I didn't enjoy that. - Certainity   ·  Certainly. ·  I'm (am) certain that... ·  There is no doubt that... ·  No doubt. ·  I'm (am) sure that... ·  My firm belief is that... ·  Sure/ Surely.
- Probability  ·                  Perhaps it will rain later. ·                  Perhaps. ·                  I may call on you this evening. ·                  It might be fine tomorrow. ·                  Maybe. ·                  Hamad will probably win the prize. - Responsibility  ·                                 I am responsible for that. ·                                 I am liable for that. ·                                 It is my resposibility / duty / task to ... ·                                 It's up to me. [ It's = it is]	- Suggestion  ·                            What about/ How about having a meal in a restaurant? ·                            I suggest ... ·                            Why don't we visit Kareem tonight? ·                            Why not... ·                            You can... ·                            Have you ever thought of ...? ·                            Do you feel like ...? ·                            Let's ... - Surprise ·                                           Oh, really? Are you sure? ·                                           I'm surprised to hear that. ·                                           Good Heavens! Extraordinary. ·                                           I am amazed to discover this. ·                                           I am surprised. ·                                            It is amazing! ·                                           It is surprizing.
- Prohibition  ·                        It is not allowed to park here. ·                        Parking is not allowed here. ·                        It is not permitted to... ·                        You are not allowed to ... ·                        It is prohibited to... ·                        It is forbidden to... ·                        Fishing is not permitted here. - Persuasion  Can’t I persuade you to… It would be great if we…. Oh, come on! Please…	- Disappointment  Oh, no! Oh, dear! What a pity! It’s a shame! How disappointing! What a shame! I felt really let down. I was so disappointed. - Indifference ·  So what ! ·  Who cares?! ·  I couldn’t care less. ·  I’m not interested. ·  It’s all the same to me. ·  What’s the point?! ·  I’m easy. It doesn’t matter to me.
- Sympathy  How sad! / How terrible! Poor Ali! I was so sorry to hear…… My deepest sympathy and condolences. That’s bad luck. - Late advice What you should have done was…. You shouldn’t have ( p.p.) You should have ( p.p.) I wouldn’t have done that. Why didn’t you……? If I had been you, I would have…. You really should have asked me.	-Giving Clarification   ·         let me explain! The……. ·         what I mean is….. ·         what I’m trying to say is….. ·         what I really meant was….. ·         For example…… ·         I mean……… - Refusal  No, thank you. Because I don’t want to…. No, certainly not. I refuse. Why should I ? never! / heaven forbid.
- Concession  All right. Ok. If you say so. I can’t argue with that. I give up. You have got a point. I take your point. There is no answer to that.	- Deduction & Conclusion  It follows that….. ……., so it must be…. If…., then it can…… Therefor……… It has to be…… This means that…….